METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 28 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on September 6, 1985, and
effective as of July 1, 1986)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Primary Standard Instruments of Measurement, Standard
Instruments of Measurement and Metrological Verification
Chapter III Administrative Control of Measuring Instruments
Chapter IV Metrological Supervision
Chapter V Legal Liability
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated to strengthen the metrological supervision and
administration, to ensure the uniformity of the national system of units
of measurement and the accuracy and reliability of the values of
quantities, so as to contribute to the development of production, trade
and science and technology, to meet the needs of socialist modernization
and to safeguard the interests of the state and the people.
Article 2
Within the territory of the People's Republic of China, this Law must be
abided by in establishing national primary standards of measurement and
standards of measurement, in conducting metrological verification, and in
the manufacture, repair, sale or use of measuring instruments.
Article 3
The State shall adopt the International System of Units (SI).
The International System of Units and other units of measurement adopted
by the State shall be the national legal units of measurement. The names
and symbols of the national legal units of measurement shall be
promulgated by the State Council. Non-national legal units of measurement
shall be abrogated. Measures for the abrogation shall be stipulated by the
State Council.
Article 4
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall
exercise unified supervision over and administration of metrological work
throughout the country. The metrological administrative departments of the
local people's governments at and above the county level shall exercise
supervision over and administration of metrological work within their
respective administrative areas.
Chapter II Primary Standards of Measurement, Standards of Measure- ment and Metrological Verification
Article 5
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall be
responsible for establishing all kinds of primary standards of
measurement, which shall serve as the ultimate basis for unifying the
values of quantities of the country.
Article 6
The metrological administrative departments of the local people's
governments at or above the county level may, according to the needs of
their respective areas, establish public standards of measurement, which
shall be put into use after being checked and found to be qualified by the
metrological administrative department of the people's government at the
next higher level.
Article 7
The competent department concerned of the State Council and the competent
department concerned of the people's governments of the provinces,
autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central
Government may, in light of their own specific needs, establish standards
of measurement for their own use. The ultimate standard of measurement of
each kind shall be put into use after being checked and found to be
qualified by the metrological administrative authorities of the people's
government at the corresponding level.
Article 8
Enterprises or institutions may, according to their needs, establish
standards of measurement for their own use. The ultimate standard of
measurement of each kind shall be put into use after being checked and
found to be qualified by the metrological administrative department of the
people's government concerned.
Article 9
The metrological administrative departments of the people's governments at
or above the county level shall make compulsory verification of the public
standards of measurement, the ultimate standards of measurement used in
the departments, enterprises and institutions as well as the working
measuring instruments used in settling trade accounts, safety protection,
medical and health work, or environmental monitoring that are listed in
the compulsory verification catalogue. Those measuring instruments which
have not been submitted for verification as required and those which have
been checked and found to be unqualified shall not be used. The catalogue
of the working measuring instruments subject to compulsory verification
and the measures for the administration of such instruments shall be
stipulated by the State Council.
Standards of measurement and working measuring instruments other than
those referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be verified at regular
intervals by the users themselves or by the metrological verification
institutions. The metrological administrative departments of the people's
governments at or above the county level shall supervise and inspect such
verification.
Article 10
Metrological verification shall be conducted according to the National
Metrological Verification System. The National Metrological Verification
System shall be worked out by the metrological administrative department
of the State Council. Metrological verification must be carried out in
accordance with the regulations governing metrological verification. The
national metrological verification regulations shall be formulated by the
metrological administrative department of the State Council. In the case
of certain instruments that are not covered in the national metrological
verification regulations, the competent departments of the State Council
and the metrological administrative departments of the people's
governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly
under the Central Government shall respectively formulate departmental and
local verification regulations. Such verification regulations shall be
submitted to the metrological administrative department of the State
Council for the record.
Article 11
Metrological verification shall, according to the principle of economy and
rationality, be carried out on the spot or in the vicinity.
Chapter III Administrative Control of Measuring Instruments
Article 12
An enterprise or institution which is to engage in manufacturing or
repairing measuring instruments must have facilities, personnel and
verification appliances appropriate to the measuring instruments it is to
manufacture or repair and, after being checked and considered as qualified
by the metrological administrative department of the people's government
at or above the county level, obtain a Licence for Manufacturing Measuring
Instruments or a License for Repairing Measuring Instruments.
The administrative departments for industry and commerce shall not issue a
business licence to an enterprise engaged in manufacturing or repairing
measuring instruments which has not obtained a Licence for Manufacturing
Measuring Instruments or a Licence for Repairing Measuring Instruments.
Article 13
When an enterprise or institution manufacturing measuring instruments
undertakes to manufacture new types of measuring instruments which it has
not previously manufactured, such measuring instruments may be put into
production only after the metrological performance of the sample products
has been checked and found to be qualified by the metrological
administrative department of a people's government at or above the
provincial level.
Article 14
Without the approval of the metrological administrative department of the
State Council, measuring instruments with non-legal units of measurement
which have been abrogated by the State Council, and other measuring
instruments which are banned by the State Council, shall not be
manufactured, sold or imported.
Article 15
An enterprise or institution engaged in manufacturing or repairing
measuring instruments must verify the measuring instruments it has
manufactured or repaired, guarantee the metrological performance of the
products and issue certificates of inspection for the qualified products.
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments at
or above the county level shall supervise and inspect the quality of the
measuring instruments manufactured or repaired.
Article 16
Measuring instruments imported from abroad may be sold only after having
been verified and found to be up to standard by the metrological
administrative department of the people's government at or above the
provincial level.
Article 17
When using measuring instruments, no person shall be allowed to impair
their accuracy, thereby prejudicing the interests of the State and
consumers.
Article 18
Self-employed workers or merchants may manufacture or repair simple
measuring instruments.
Any self-employed worker or merchant who is to engage in manufacturing or
repairing measuring instruments may apply for a business licence from the
administrative department for industry and commerce provided he has been
tested and found to be qualified by the metrological administrative
department of a people's government at the county level, and issued a
Licence for Manufacturing Measuring Instruments or a Licence for Repairing
Measuring Instruments.
The types of measuring instruments which can be manufactured or repaired
by self-employed workers or merchants shall be determined by the
metrological administrative department of the State Council, which shall
also adopt measures for their control.
Chapter IV Metrological Supervision
Article 19
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments at
or above the county level may, according to their needs, appoint
metrological supervisors. The measures for the administration of the
metrological supervisors shall be formulated by the metrological
administrative department of the State Council.
Article 20
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments at
or above the county level may, according to their needs, set up
metrological verification organs or authorize the metrological
verification institutions of other establishments to carry out compulsory
verification and other verification and testing tasks. The personnel
carrying out the tasks of verification and testing mentioned in the
preceding paragraph must be tested for their qualifications.
Article 21
Any dispute over the accuracy of measuring instruments shall be handled in
accordance with the data provided after verification with the national
primary standards of measurement or public standards of measurement.
Article 22
A product quality inspection agency which is to provide notarial data on
the quality of products for society must be checked for its capability and
reliability of metrological verification and testing by the metrological
administrative department of a people's government at or above the
provincial level.
Chapter V Legal Liability
Article 23
Whoever without a Licence for Manufactured Measuring Instruments or a
Licence for Repairing Measuring Instruments manufactures or repairs
measuring instruments shall be ordered to stop his production or business
operations. His unlawful income shall be confiscated and a fine may
concurrently be imposed.
Article 24
Whoever manufactures or sells a new type of measuring instrument which has
not been checked and found to be qualified shall be ordered to stop the
manufacture or sale of that new product. His unlawful income shall be
confiscated and he may concurrently be punished by a fine.
Article 25
Whoever manufactures, repairs or sells unqualified measuring instruments
shall have his unlawful income confiscated and a fine may concurrently be
imposed.
Article 26
Whoever uses measuring instruments subject to compulsory verification
without having filed an application for verification as required or
continues to use measuring instruments which have been checked but found
to be unqualified shall be ordered to stop the use and may concurrectly be
punished by a fine.
Article 27
Whoever uses unqualified measuring instruments or impairs the accuracy of
measuring instruments, thus causing losses to the State and consumers,
shall be ordered to make compensation for the losses and shall have his
measuring instruments and unlawful income confiscated and may concurrently
be punished by a fine.
Article 28
Whoever manufactures, sells or uses measuring instruments for the purpose
of deceiving consumers shall have his measuring instruments and unlawful
income confiscated and may concurrently be punished by a fine. If the
circumstances are serious, the individual or the person in the unit who is
directly responsible shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility
according to the crimes of swindling or speculation.
Article 29
When any individual or unit, in violation of the provisions of this Law,
manufactures, repairs or sells unqualified measuring instruments leading
to people's injury or death or causing major property losses, the
individual or the person in the unit who is directly responsible shall be
investigated for his criminal responsibility by reference to the
provisions of Article 187 of the Criminal Law.
Article 30
A metrological supervisor who transgresses the law and neglects his duty,
where the circumstances are serious, shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If
the circumstances are minor, he shall be given an administrative sanction.
Article 31
The administrative sanction provided for in this Law shall be determined
by the metrological administrative department of a people's government at
or above the county level. The administrative sanction provided for in
Article 27 of this Law may also be determined by the administrative
departments for industry and commerce.
Article 32
A party who refuses to accept the decision of the administrative sanction
may, within 15 days after receipt of the notification of the decision,
file suit in a people's court. If within that time limit the party does
not file suit or comply with the penalty of paying a fine and having his
unlawful income confiscated, the administrative authorities which have
made the decision of the administrative sanction may request the people's
court for compulsory execution.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 33
Measures for the administration of and supervision over metrological work
in the Chinese People's Liberation Army and in units under the
jurisdiction of the Commission on Science, Technology and Industry for
National Defence shall be formulated separately by the State Council and
the Central Military Commission in accordance with this Law.
Article 34
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall, in
accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State
Council.
Article 35
This Law shall go into effect on July 1, 1986.
Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
研究生外国语学习和考试的规定(试行)
教育部
研究生外国语学习和考试的规定(试行)
1983年7月1日,教育部
一、总则
(一)为了保证达到《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》中规定的外国语要求,加强攻读学位研究生外国语课程的教学工作,提高研究生运用外国语的能力,特制定本规定。
(二)攻读硕士学位要求一门外国语。攻读博士学位要求两门外国语。
(三)本规定所提及的各项考核标准是对研究生外国语的最低要求。具体指标均以英语为例,其他语种可根据具体情况参照酌定。
二、硕士研究生的外国语学习与考试
(一)第一外国语
1.学习要求与学时安排
攻读硕士学位研究生(以下简称硕士研究生)要求一门外国语,能比较熟练地阅读本专业的外文资料。
第一外国语为必修课,分为语言基础与专业外文资料阅读两个部分。语言基础部分课内一般为144-216学时。专业外文资料阅读部分一般应与专业课学习或学位论文准备工作相结合,其学时安排由各单位按具体情况确定。
2.入学水平
硕士研究生在入学时只考第一外国语,语种由招生单位指定。入学考试必须达到以下水平:
(1)能理解性掌握4000个左右常用单词和词组(即能正确识别词类,选择词义,对其中约2000个基本词汇能英汉互译,掌握某些常用搭配和用法,并根据构词规律认派生词),掌握基本语法知识;
(2)能阅读一般外文读物,理解基本正确;
(3)能将一般难度的汉语单句译成外语,内容表达与语法基本正确;
(4)入学考试成绩合格。
3.通过学位课程考试的水平
硕士研究生通过第一外国语的学位课程考试,必须达到以下水平:
(1)语言基础部分
(A)能理解性掌握5000个左右的常用单词和词组(不包括科学术语和国际共同词);
(B)能较熟练地应用语法知识,并较熟悉常见的外国语特有的表达方法;
(C)能较熟练地阅读一般性文章,阅读速度每分钟在60个词以上,理解正确;
(D)能按具体要求在一小时内写出或汉译外200个词左右中等难度的短文,语法基本正确。
(2)专业外文资料阅读部分
(A)能阅读本专业中等难度的外文资料,速度每分钟在80个词以上,理解基本正确;
(B)能笔译本专业中等难度的外文资料,速度每小时不低于350个单词,理解正确,译文通顺。
4.教学方法
硕士研究生的第一外国语采取开课方式,通过读、写、听、说四会训练进行教学,着重培养学生以阅读为主,正确理解、熟练运用外国语的实际能力。
硕士研究生在第一外国语学位课程考试语言基础部分通过后,应进一步提高听、说、读、写、译方面的能力,各单位应努力创造条件,开设相应的选修课。
5.通过学位课程考试的方法
(1)硕士研究生外国语课程学习成绩(指平时考核成绩或者学期考试成绩)及格后,方可参加通过第一外国语的学位课程考试,不得以课程考试成绩代替学位课程考试成绩。学位课程考试每学期举行一次,第一学期通过者,注明“提前通过”字样。第二学期参加通过考试成绩不及格者,可以在下一次学位课程通过考试时补考一次。考试由外国语教研室主持。
凡入学考试成绩优秀者,经指导教师同意可以申请免修第一外国语,但必须参加通过第一外国语的学位课程考试。
(2)硕士研究生应在外国语语言基础部分学习的同时,选读与本专业有关的外文书刊,由专业指导教师负责订出计划,指定具体资料并定期进行检查,指导教师对硕士研究生指导外文资料阅读如有困难,应由各单位采取措施(如由教研室或系指定专人负责)予以解决。
对硕士研究生阅读和笔译专业外文资料方面能力的考核,至迟在学位论文答辩前举行,以专业指导教师为主,外国语教研室配合评定。专业外文资料阅读部分的成绩在外国语学位课程考试总成绩中所占的比例一般不超过20%。语言基础部分与专业外文资料阅读部分的成绩均须及格。
(二)第二外国语
1.硕士研究生的第二外国语作为选修课,课内一般不少于144学时。第一外国语学位课程考试语言基础部分成绩优良者,根据专业需要,经指导教师同意,方可申请选修第二外国语。
2.选修第二外国语要达到以下要求:
(1)理解性掌握1000个以上常用单词和词组(不包括科学术语和国际共同词),掌握基本语法知识,为进一步自学打好初步语言基础。
(2)具有借助词典阅读本专业外文资料的初步能力。
3.硕士研究生的第二外国语一般采取开课方式进行学习,也可通过自学或辅导等方式进行。本课程修完时进行笔试,由外国语教研室主持,成绩不及格者,可以补考一次。
三、博士研究生的外国语学习与考试
攻读博士学位研究生(以下简称博士研究生)除继续学习第一外国语外,还需学习第二外国语。第一外国语与第二外国语均为必修课。
(一)第一外国语
1.学习要求与学习期限:
博士研究生要求熟练地阅读本专业的外文资料,并且具有一定的写作能力,课内一般为144学时。
2.入学水平:
博士研究生在入学时,除应达到硕士研究生通过第一外国语学位考试的要求外,还应进行规定时间内的听、说和写作能力的测验。
具体要求是:
(1)听力测试的时间为半小时左右,选录2至3篇一般难度的听音材料,检查理解能力,要求理解正确度为70%左右;
(2)口头回答有关日常生活和学习情况的简单提问;
(3)把一篇600至800个词有中等难度的文章缩写成200个词左右的短文,时间为1小时。
3.通过学位课程考试的水平:
(1)能熟练地阅读本专业中等难度的外文资料,阅读速度每分钟在100个词以上,理解正确;
(2)能用外文写学术论文摘要和常用应用文;
(3)能听懂用外语所作本专业的学术讲座;
(4)能初步用外语口头表达自己的学术见解和进行一般生活方面的简单会话。
4.教学方式与通过学位课程考试的办法:
博士研究生的第一外国语一般采取开课方式进行学习。在本课程修完时进行学位课程考试,考试采取笔试与口试相结合。
凡第一外国语的硕士学位课程考试或博士研究生入学考试成绩优良者,可申请免修第一外国语,但至迟在学位论文答辩前参加通过第一外国语的学位课程考试。
博士研究生的第一外国语学位课程考试,由各单位组织外国语教研室有关教师、专业指导教师等组成三人考试小组主持进行。
(二)第二外国语
1.博士研究生的第二外国语为必修课,学习的要求、学时、方式和通过学位考试的办法等与硕士研究生第二外国语的安排基本相同。
2.博士研究生如在攻读硕士学位时已经选修过第二外国语,考试成绩及格者,可以申请免修第二外国语,并可按其原来的成绩登记。有的专业如有必要,还可根据本专业的需要,对学习第二外国语提出新的要求,进行重修和重考。
附件:几点说明
一、本规定在1983年暑假后入学的研究生中试行。随着研究生外国语入学水平的逐步提高,今后将对本规定作必要的修订。
二、本《规定》适用于非外国语专业的研究生。外国语专业或对外国语要求较高的专业(如国际贸易、国际政治专业等)的研究生外国语学习和考试的要求另定。
三、本《规定》中硕士研究生学习第一外国语的课内总学时,按一学年共36周,每周课内4~6学时计算。为确保达到外国语学位课程的要求,各单位可以根据研究生入学时的外国语水平和专业需要,确定课内学时的安排和学分的计算方法。
四、本《规定》内各项考核标准是对研究生外国语的最低要求,各单位可以根据实际情况和需要,适当提高本单位的教学要求和考核标准。